Understanding ADA Compliance Requirements
Although the Department of Justice has not cited any specific web accessibility standards for achieving ADA compliance, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are considered the standard in the United States of America.
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are built upon four fundamental principles that describes functionality and are known as POUR. They are described below:
Perceivable
Information and user interface (UI) components must be presented in a way that is easily processed by all users.
Understandable
User must be able to perceive and use a website, but they also must be able to understand it (i.e., the content and navigation cannot be beyond understanding).
Operable
User Interface components and navigation must be operable by all users, such as those using a keyboard instead of a mouse.
Robust
Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted not only be a variety of platforms, browsers, and devices, but also by assistive technologies.
What is inclusive web design?
Inclusive web design represents a fundamental approach to designing websites without biases or assumptions, ensuring accessibility for all users, including both abled individuals and those with impairments. By embracing inclusive design principles, websites can provide a superior user experience that is not hindered by disabilities or other temporary or permanent setbacks.
One of the key aspects of inclusive web design is offering users various alternatives to accomplish tasks, allowing them to choose the option that best suits their preferences and convenience. An example of good website accessibility is designing a website that allows users to take control of the site using only the keyboard. This means enabling users to navigate through various elements on the web page by pressing the tab button on their keyboard, eliminating the need for a mouse.
Both accessible web design and user experience design are essential components of creating an inclusive website. Accessible design ensures that there are no barriers or limitations for individuals with disabilities or impairments, enabling them to access and interact with the website effectively. On the other hand, user experience design focuses on crafting interfaces that prioritize how well users engage with the site, such as ease of use, intuitive navigation, and overall satisfaction. By combining these two aspects, websites can offer an inclusive and user-friendly experience for all visitors.
These factors include:
When aiming to create an inclusive website, designers should take into account several factors to meet the requirements of inclusivity. These factors include:
Impairments related to sight, hearing, or touch
Designers should consider making the website accessible to individuals with visual impairments by providing alternative text for images, using proper color contrast, and incorporating screen reader compatibility. Similarly, accommodations should be made for users with hearing or touch impairments.
Disabilities affecting thoughts or speech
The design should accommodate users with cognitive disabilities or speech impairments by using clear and simple language, providing clear instructions, and offering alternative means of communication or interaction.
Demographic limitations:
Designers need to be aware of demographic limitations that may hinder users from fully engaging with the website. This could include considerations for users with limited technological proficiency or older adults who may require larger text or simplified navigation.
Internet connectivity, hardware, and technical constraints:
The website should be optimized to function effectively under varying internet connectivity speeds and on different devices, including older hardware or assistive technologies.
Language barriers and socioeconomic differences:
Designers should strive to make the website accessible to users from diverse linguistic backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses. This may involve offering multilingual options or providing content in plain language.